### Copyright Disclaimer for Website

**Disclaimer: Fair Use and Fair Dealing Notice**

This website may use or broadcast copyrighted materials for purposes such as research, private study, education, parody, or satire.

The use of such materials is protected under the doctrines of *fair use* (under U.S. copyright law) and *fair dealing* (under Canadian copyright law).

Below are the legal principles governing this usage:

#### **Fair Use (United States)**

Under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act, the use of copyrighted material without permission is allowed if it qualifies as "fair use." The following factors are considered to determine fair use:

1. **Purpose and Character of Use**: Non-commercial, educational, transformative, or nonprofit uses are more likely to qualify as fair use.

2. **Nature of the Copyrighted Work**: Use of factual works is more likely to be fair than use of creative works.

3. **Amount and Substantiality**: Using only the necessary portion of a work supports a fair use claim.

4. **Effect on Market Value**: The use should not negatively impact the market value or potential market for the original work.

This website ensures that its use aligns with these principles by prioritizing transformative and educational purposes.

#### **Fair Dealing (Canada)**

Under Sections 29 to 29.2 of the Canadian Copyright Act,

fair dealing permits the use of copyrighted materials for specific purposes such as:

research, private study, education, parody, satire, criticism, review, or news reporting. The following conditions apply:

1. **Purpose**: The material is used strictly for one of the permitted purposes listed above.

2. **Source Attribution**: When used for criticism, review, or news reporting, the source and author (if available) must be credited.

3. **Non-Commercial Intent**: The usage must not be for commercial gain.

This website adheres to these guidelines by ensuring all content used under fair dealing is properly credited and used only for permitted purposes.

#### **Non-Commercial User-Generated Content (Canada)**

In accordance with Section 29.21 of the Canadian Copyright Act:

- Any user-generated content on this website that incorporates copyrighted material is done solely for non-commercial purposes.

- Sources are credited where reasonable.

- Such use does not have a substantial adverse effect on the market value of the original work.

#### **General Principles**

- This website does not claim ownership over any third-party copyrighted materials unless explicitly stated.

- All copyrighted materials remain the property of their respective owners.

- If you believe that your copyrighted work has been used inappropriately or outside the scope of fair use or fair dealing, please contact us directly to address your concerns.

By using this website, users acknowledge their understanding of these principles and agree to respect copyright laws in their respective jurisdictions.

Citations:

[1] https://ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/web/direct-files/30404141/3caed8b7-5b7a-42f6-96d4-40765921ea3d/U.S.-Copyright-Office-Fair-Use-Index.pdf

[2] https://ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/web/direct-files/30404141/2af69a73-0828-4bab-90f6-fa2be75cc24d/Copyright-Act-Canada.pdf